ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯎ - ꯂꯤꯁꯦꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯒ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯌꯨꯝ » ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯒ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁ: ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ 'ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ' ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ—ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ EN 1492-1 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ (-40°Cꯗꯒꯤ 100°C ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ) ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯁꯟ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯏꯁꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯂꯣꯗꯇꯥ ꯶–꯱꯰% ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯈꯤ . ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ 3–4% ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯒꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ: ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯒꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ASME B30.9 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ EN 1492-1ꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ- ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ (ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ)-ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯇꯥꯌꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯒꯤꯡ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ: ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ—ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯋꯦꯕꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯂꯅꯤ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ = ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ÷ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ꯫ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ-ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯇꯥꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ 1/10ꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

1/10ꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯇꯥꯌꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯋꯦꯕꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ 1/10 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ EN 1492-1ꯗꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ASME B30.9ꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ 1/10ꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, ꯋꯦꯕꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯗꯒꯦ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯣ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯒꯤꯡ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯏ-ꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯋꯥꯇꯁꯑꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯅꯥꯏꯂꯣꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯁ: ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

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